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The Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame (''Salón de la Fama del Béisbol Cubano'') is a hall of fame that honors eminent baseball players from the pre-revolution Cuban League.〔The name shown on the plaque in Havana is ''Salón de la Fama del Base-Ball Profesional de Cuba'' (Cuban Professional Baseball Hall of Fame) (see Alfonso 2007), but this longer name is not commonly used in histories of Cuban baseball.〕 Established in 1939, by 1961 it had honored 68 players whose names are shown on a marble plaque at Havana's Estadio Latinoamericano. With the discontinuation of professional baseball in Cuba in 1961 and its replacement by the amateur Cuban national baseball system, election of new members in Cuba ceased. ==History== The Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame was established by the DGND (''Dirección General Nacional de Deportes''), a government agency supervising sports activities in Cuba.〔González Echevarría 1999, pp. 205–206, 277.〕 The hall was inaugurated on July 26, 1939—about six weeks after the June 12 dedication and opening of the U.S. National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown—by placing a bronze plaque at Havana's La Tropical Stadium.〔Alfonso 2007. González Echevarría 1999, p. 277. 〕 The first ten inductees were selected by former and current baseball writers and the DGND's baseball advisers (''asesores de baseball''). The inaugural class included 19th-century Cuban stars (Antonio María García, Valentín González, Adolfo Luján, and Carlos Royer), black players who had achieved success in the U.S. Negro leagues (Luis Bustamante, José de la Caridad Méndez, Gervasio González, and Cristóbal Torriente), and white players who had played Major League Baseball (Rafael Almeida and Armando Marsans).〔González Echevarría 1999, pp. 275, 277.〕 Méndez and Torriente, along with later inductee Martín Dihigo, subsequently were also recognized by the U.S. Hall of Fame.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum ) (【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum )(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum )〕 The bronze plaque was subsequently replaced by a marble plaque that hangs on a wall "in a poorly lit corner" of Havana's Estadio Latinoamericano.〔Toot 2004, p. 171.〕 Before listing the names of the inductees, the introductory section of the plaque reads, :Cuban Professional Baseball Hall of Fame :List of players that have been selected as :BASEBALL IMMORTALS :And have deserved this just recognition for their distinguished work :maintaining an undying memory of what they were in this :sport〔 While all of the inductees were recognized as baseball players, in several cases their distinction reflected, at least in part, accomplishments achieved after their playing careers. For example, Emilio Sabourín, Agustín Molina, and José Rodríguez were long-time managers who won championships, as also were more celebrated players such as Dihigo, Miguel Angel González, Adolfo Luque, and Marsans.〔Bjarkman 2005, pp. 59–60.〕 Francisco A. Poyo and Eustaquio Gutiérrez served as umpires.〔Poyo 2009, p. 560. (【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Dominicana On Line )〕 Carlos Zaldo, Eugenio Jiménez, and Molina entered the business side of baseball as stadium developer, promoter, and league administrator.〔González Echevarría 1999, pp. 91, 122, 125, 410.〕 Wenceslao Gálvez wrote a history of baseball in Cuba, published in 1889, which according to Roberto González Echevarría "may very well be the first history of the game ever written anywhere."〔González Echevarría 1999, p. 84.〕 Other inductees achieved distinction outside of baseball. For example, Juan Antiga, who played in the Cuban League for just two seasons prior to completing medical school, became a notable intellectual, homeopath, government official, and diplomat, serving as ambassador to Switzerland and delegate to the League of Nations.〔Delgado-García 2005, pp. 50–51.〕 The type of post-playing distinction most often recognized by the hall, however, is military service, especially during the Cuban War of Independence that was fought from 1895 to 1898. Alfredo Arango, Eduardo Machado, and Carlos Maciá served as officers in the Cuban revolutionary army and Sabourín, Juan Manuel Pastoriza, and Ricardo Cabaleiro died in the conflict.〔Pérez 1999, p. 83. Figueredo 2003, p. 33. Figueredo 2005, pp. 16–18.〕 In the 20th century, opportunities to play in the United States became increasingly important to Cuban players. Some of the earliest opportunities to play in the U.S. came in nearby Key West beginning about 1890. Key West had an independent baseball league with considerable participation by Cuban emigrants, and Cuban League players were recruited to play there during the off season. Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame inductees Molina and Poyo began their baseball careers in Key West before moving on to the Cuban League.〔Poyo 2009, pp. 548–556.〕 In 1899, a Cuban all-star team, the All Cubans, undertook their first barnstorming tour of the United States. The team, which was racially integrated (reflecting the racial integration of the Cuban League) played against professional and semi-professional teams, white and black, until 1905.〔Burgos 2007, pp. 81–82. Hogan, pp. 88–89. Kuntz.〕 However, the U.S. color line soon affected Cuban players. By 1904, white Cubans, such as Juan Violá, were playing in the minor leagues, and in 1911 Rafael Almeida and Armando Marsans broke into the majors with the Cincinnati Reds.〔Burgos 2007, pp. 94–98. Toot 2004, pp. 31–45.(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Baseball-Reference.com )〕 Meanwhile, Cubans with darker complexions played in the Negro leagues for teams such as the Cuban Stars (West), the Cuban Stars (East), and the New York Cubans. Some Cuban players moved on to success with U.S. teams, such as José Méndez with the Kansas City Monarchs and Cristóbal Torriente with the Chicago American Giants.〔Riley 2002, pp. 203, 545–546, 580, 787–788.〕 After the closing of the Cuban League in 1961, inductions to the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame ceased in Havana. The players who had migrated to the United States, however, formed an organization, the Federation of Professional Cuban Baseball Players in Exile (''Federación de Peloteros Profesionales Cubanos en el Exilio'') which held elections in Miami to add new members to the hall.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=cubanball.com )〕 These additional members are not universally recognized; they are not recognized in Cuba,〔For example, see Alfonso 2007.〕 nor are they included in lists of Hall of Fame inductees shown in reference books by historians Peter Bjarkman and Jorge Figueredo.〔Bjarkman 2005, p. 65. Figueredo 2003, pp. 508–509.〕 The Miami elections continued in three phases—1962 through 1986, 1997 through 1998, and 2007—ultimately declaring more than 200 additional individuals as inductees.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=cubanball.com )(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=cubanball.com )(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=cubanball.com )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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